Joseph P. Martino - Zero Sum

Commander Arnold Johnson clutched at the console in front of him. The ship lurched, and his pencil rolled across the console's desk top and dropped to the floor. Evidently the Pilot had dodged a Khorilani missile, and the artificial gravity hadn't quite been able to compensate for the maneuver. As he reached down to recover his pencil, the lights dimmed briefly. That one must have burst pretty close, he thought, close enough to draw power from the defensive screens. His ears told him that the ship was still maneuvering violently. The artificial gravity compensation was never completely perfect, and when the ship made vigorous enough maneuvers, his inner ears let him know about it.

He took a look at the hologram tank in his console. The crosshairs still jittered about the white dot that was the enemy ship they were engaging. Evidently the Gunnery Officer, Lieutenant Cheng, still had some missiles on the way, and was still trying for a hit. Then the enemy ship slid toward the edge of the display and disappeared.

Lieutenant Cheng's voice came over the intercom. "This is Gunnery. He got away. No score for either side."

Another voice followed. "This is Damage Control. All compartments still airtight."

And back to work, thought Johnson. He switched the Combat Display to show the disposition of the entire fleet. The hologram tank lit up to show a cloud of white dots, like two star clusters passing through each other. The one going "forward" in the tank was the 27th Destroyer Division of the Terran Space Navy. The other was a force of Monitors of the Khorilani fleet. The two forces had made one firing pass at each other, and would soon be out of range of each other's missiles again.

Johnson quickly examined those ship-to-ship encounters still in progress. The dot representing one Terran ship blinked twice and vanished. The computer was calling his attention to an enemy victory. He tapped a button, to one side of the console. Immediately, a display lit up: FRIENDLY-21 SHIPS, ENEMY-19 SHIPS. The fight had started at 25 and 20. But the disparity in favor of the Terran fleet was not particularly comforting. The Khorilani ships were of a class known to Terrans as Monitors. No one knew what the Khorilani called them. The Terrans had no equivalent ships, just as the Khorilani had nothing equivalent to the Terrans' Destroyer class. The enemy used Monitors much as the Terrans used Destroyers, but the ships were significantly different.

Destroyers were light, fast, highly maneuverable. Monitors were slower, less maneuverable, and heavily armored. One hit on a Destroyer was sufficient to finish it. One hit on a Monitor would knock it out of the fight, but on the average, two out of three times a Monitor could take a hit and still withdraw from the battle area under its own power. Only one time in three did a hit on a Monitor stop it dead in space. So in sheer fighting and staying power, a Monitor was more than a match for a Destroyer. Only the higher speed and maneuverability of the Destroyer evened the balance. Even so, the two forces had started the battle with an uncomfortably even match.

The next question was whether the two fleets should engage in combat once more. The decision was really up to the Terran commander, since the Khorilani couldn't catch him if he decided to run, nor escape him if he decided to fight. And Captain Likhatchov, Commander of the 27th Division, would soon be asking Johnson's opinion as to the next move. Johnson, as Tactics Officer for the Division, was responsible for advising Likhatchov regarding the conduct of a battle. Although Likhatchov had the ultimate responsibility for making all decisions, it was almost unheard of for a Commander to overrule his Tactics Officer.

The Display, showed that the two forces had separated completely now. Johnson's ship, the Arcturus, flagship of the Division, showed up more brilliantly than all the rest of the ships in the Display. He knew this enhancement was completely artificial, but it still gave him the uncomfortable feeling that the enemy knew which ship was his, and would concentrate on it. The two forces were regrouping. The Terran fleet was taking up its usual conical formation, with the apex toward the enemy. It provided effective interlocking fire for the entire Division, but once the battle was joined, the elaborate formations of both sides would soon dissolve into a series of one-on-one engagements. Each ship would fire a salvo of beam-rider guided missiles at its opponent, hoping to knock out the other ship before being destroyed itself.

The simplest maneuver during one of these engagements was to charge directly at the enemy ship. This made shooting easy, but also provided the enemy with an easy target. The next step in sophistication was to maneuver during the run at the enemy. This made the Gunnery Officer's job harder, but also gave the enemy a poorer target. Best of all was to wait until the enemy was committed to the attack, launch one's own missiles, then reverse course. If the enemy continued his attack, he became the pursuer. He had to drive straight into the missiles of the pursued ship. The pursuer might then be knocked out long before his own missiles reached the pursued. It was Johnson's job not only to recommend whether there should be a fight, but to recommend the tactics by which it should be fought.

But first he had to determine what tactics the enemy was using. During the battle, he had been recording the enemy's tactics on a pad of paper. He had kept up the count until his own ship came under attack. Somehow it became hard to concentrate on his job when his own ship was being fired upon. He often envied Likhatchov's coolness under fire. The captain never seemed to show any sign of worry. He kept his attention on the overall actions of his Division, and left the fighting of his own ship up to the Gunnery Officer and the Pilot.

Johnson pulled the pad of paper towards himself. He made a quick count, and found that the Khorilani were using the same set of tactics they had been using consistently since the outbreak of the war. Of course, he could have asked the computer for a detailed analysis of their tactics. However, using the computer this way struck him as akin to using a micrometer to measure a sewer pipe. When he wanted a rough answer, he'd use a rough method to get it. After the battle was finished, he would get a complete, detailed analysis from the computer.

He checked the Combat Display again. His own force had completed its conical formation. The Khorilani force had nearly completed a globular formation. Evidently the Khorilani commander was expecting the Terrans to attack again. The globe was an excellent defensive formation, but nearly useless for an attack, since half the force would be out of range of the point of contact between the forces.

The Khorilani were using the mix of tactics he had expected them to use. The Terran force still had a slight numerical advantage, although not as large as before the first fight. Essentially, however, the situation was unchanged, and the analysis he had made at the outset should still be valid. He would recommend a second attack.

His decision was made just in time. Captain Likhatchov's voice came over the intercom. "Johnson, this is Likhatchov. What do you recommend?"

"We've lost four ships to their one. That's an even exchange; forty-eight men of ours for forty-eight of theirs. That really hasn't changed the situation much. Tactically, we're in about the same position now as we were before, relative to their strength. Slightly weaker, but not much. I recommend a second attack."

"Very well. I'll order an attack as soon as all the ships in the Division have checked in and are ready."

The captain had no sooner signed off than Lieutenant Cheng's voice came through. "Gunnery to Tactics. What do we do?"

"Just a minute," Johnson replied. He opened a drawer in his console, and pulled out an octahedral die. He rolled it in his hand, then spun it across the desk top. It clattered against the front of the hologram tank, bounced back, and rattled to a stop. He counted the pips on the upturned face. Six. He copied the number on his pad of paper, then replaced the die in the drawer.

"Tactics to Gunnery. We'll reverse course on him."

"Fine. That's the one I like. Too bad we can't do it all the time."

"Right. But if we tried, they'd soon outguess us."

Choosing the proper tactic through a roll of a die, just before the battle, meant that there was no way for the enemy to outguess him, since there was no system, or logic, involved. Of course, he could have had the computer produce a random number for him, just as it could have analyzed the battle for him. But in his mind, that took all the sport out of it. Rolling dice was better. Somehow it was more fitting when risking one's neck.

Suddenly Likhatchov's voice came through the intercom again. Evidently he was using the All-Ships channel, though. "Division, this is Likhatchov. All ships begin the attack immediately. Maintain formation as long as possible. Good luck."

Johnson turned his attention back to the Display. The enemy formation was complete, and waiting for the Terran force. There was no point in their moving toward the Destroyers, to close the distance more rapidly. Instead, they obtained a slight tactical advantage from standing still and letting the Terran force come after them. Undoubtedly the nearer ships had already launched some of their missiles, in an attempt to get in the first blow.

Then the cone was penetrating the globe, and the two formations dissolved. A series of Destroyer-versus-Monitor engagements was shaping up. Johnson started to keep score on the tactics used, as he focused the Display first on one engagement, then on another. Then he noted a Monitor apparently heading straight for the Arcturus. He checked with the computer, to verify the two course vectors. The answer came back positive. The Arcturus was under attack.

Johnson, of course, had no role to play in the engagement. His task, as with Likhatchov and the rest of the Division Staff on the flagship, was to watch over the entire battle. Nevertheless, his eyes kept stealing back towards the center of the Display, towards the Monitor that seemed to be coming directly at him.

Months ago, at the outbreak of the war, he had found he simply could not keep his attention away from an enemy vessel engaging his own ship. He would tell himself that his duties were elsewhere; he had a responsibility to the men in the other ships to keep track of the whole battle; he must not let the fact he was under fire distract him. Gradually, as the months wore on, he found it possible to push his own situation to the back of his mind, and give at least part of his attention to the overall battle. But it was never easy.

Again, he forced his attention away from his own ship, and focused the Display on another engagement which had just started. But thoughts of the other battle were driven from his mind as he felt, rather than heard, the thump through the deck-plates that indicated his own ship had launched a salvo of missiles.

He reached for the console, and switched the Display to a repeat of that seen by the Gunnery Officer. The Monitor showed in the center of the Display. A pair of crosshairs jittered about the enemy ship. A cluster of tiny dots indicated the Arcturus's own missiles, on their way towards the enemy. The enemy missiles had not yet been picked up by the detectors, and weren't shown. The jittering of the enemy ship resulted partly from its own maneuvering, partly from that of the Arcturus. Each ship was feeding to its own drive controls a signal consisting of carefully-chosen pure noise. The noise frequencies were selected to be those to which the other side's missile controls were most sensitive. The hope was to introduce enough jitter into the other side's missile controls to cause a miss.

Abruptly the enemy missiles appeared on the screen. Almost immediately, the image of the enemy ship started to decrease in size, and recede from the Arcturus. The Arcturus had reversed course. The enemy missiles were now forced into a tail-chase. The enemy ship was driving ahead into the Arcturus's own missiles. The Arcturus could easily outrace the enemy ship. However, the enemy missiles would eventually catch up with it. Before that, it must kill the enemy ship, leaving the enemy missiles unguided. The first of the Arcturus's missiles began to reach the enemy. Points of light blossomed and grew, then vanished. Johnson counted six bursts, then nothing. The first salvo of missiles had missed completely. The enemy ship continued to advance. He again felt a thump as another salvo was launched. Then the enemy missiles were upon them.

The lights flickered once, then again, as missiles burst close by, and power poured into the defensive screens. Johnson's inner ears told him that the ship was undergoing violent maneuvers. The lights dimmed once more, and the ship lurched sickeningly. Johnson grabbed his pencil just before it rolled off the console, then clutched the chair-arms to steady himself. Then there was another shudder to the ship, almost too small to be perceptible.

A voice squawked over the intercom. "This is Damage Control. Compartments C-4 and C-5 holed, and all air in them lost. They've been sealed off. No one believed to be in them. All defensive screens remain intact."

Then the voice of the Gunnery Officer came through the intercom. "Tactics, this is Gunnery. We have another salvo on the way. It should be there long before they can get another one near us. I propose to go in straight, no maneuvering. Any objections?"

Johnson thought rapidly, then punched some numbers into the computer. The answer came back immediately. The odds were about two to one that the Arcturus would survive the engagement. Johnson decided the chance was worth taking.

"Tactics to Gunnery. Go ahead, but be ready to break off and start evasive action if you miss. I don't think we'll have time for a third salvo."

"Right. I agree," Gunnery replied.

Johnson switched his Display back to the fleet disposition. He observed that the battle was almost over. Most of the Terran ships had passed through the Khorilani formation, and were regrouping. Several engagements were still in progress, however. Close examination showed no apparent shift in enemy tactics. He then switched back to the Gunnery Display. He saw that the Arcturus's last salvo was reaching the enemy ship. Several missile-bursts blossomed near the enemy ship, then one seemed to blot it out.

"A hit! You got a hit!" Someone's voice called over the intercom.

"Right," Lieutenant Cheng's voice came back, "but she's still moving. She's out of the fight, but she's not dead. She'll be back to fight again."

But by then the Arcturus was drawing out of range. There was no chance to finish off the crippled ship. And Johnson had to face the question of whether the Destroyer Division should make another attack, or break off the action. Likhatchov was going to want some advice soon, on what to do next. Quickly he started the computer reading out its analysis of the battle. He had better not keep the captain waiting. The force size display showed: FRIENDLIES-18 SHIPS, ENEMY-18 SHIPS. Right away he didn't like the looks of that, and the computer agreed with him. There was one chance in five that the outcome of a third engagement would be completely disastrous. He got his answers back just in time, as the intercom again blared.

"Johnson, this is Likhatchov. What do you recommend? Shall we attack again?"

"I recommend against it, Captain. They've got us matched ship for ship now. We've lost eighty-four men, they've lost ninety-six. That puts us ahead by the equivalent of one Destroyer crew. Let's be satisfied with this victory, and not risk turning it into a defeat."

"That makes sense. I'll accept your recommendations." There were some clicking noises, then the captain's voice came on again. "All ships! Break contact, and reform for withdrawal!"

In the Combat Display, the white dots sorted themselves out and coalesced into two separate constellations again. The enemy might have wanted to avenge his defeat, but he had no chance of catching the faster Destroyer force, if it chose to withdraw. The two constellations reformed into tight globular clusters and separated from each other. After a long while the enemy force disappeared off the edge of the Display.

"All ships!" Captain Likhatchov's voice boomed through the intercom. "Stand down from Battle Stations. Resume normal Watch rotation." Then, after some more clicking noises, Likhatchov spoke directly to his own Staff. "Division Battle Staff. This is Likhatchov. Please report to my quarters as soon as you secure your battle stations. The ship's Medical Officer will report to me also."

Johnson had the computer run out for him all the detailed statistics Fleet Headquarters would want in his formal report on the battle. When he was satisfied the report was complete, he released it for automatic transmission to Headquarters. At last he turned off his console and locked it.

He reached Likhatchov's quarters just as most of the Battle Staff were leaving.

"Go on in," Lieutenant Cheng told him. "He had something different to say to everybody. We left when he finished with us."

Captain Likhatchov was seated in one of the three chairs in the little compartment his rank entitled him to. "Hello, Arnie. Please sit down." He pointed to a samovar on a small table. "Care for some tea? Or shall I have the kitchen send you up some coffee?"

"Tea is fine, thanks. I'll help myself."

He poured himself a cup, sat down, and waited. As far as he was concerned, it was the captain's next move.

Captain Likhatchov picked up a message form and held it out towards Johnson. "We've got some new orders. There's been another fleet action nearby. About two hours' run from here, at top speed. There's a damaged enemy ship there, presently being guarded by two Destroyers. In addition, one of our Cruisers is damaged, but is still reparable. Fleet Headquarters wants the enemy ship retrieved, so they can study it. In addition, of course, we want to recover our own Cruiser and patch it up again. So we're to escort some tugs to the two locations, wait until they take the two ships in tow, and then escort them back to the nearest Fleet base."

"That's about a five days' trip, isn't it?"

"That's right. The tug captains estimate just over five days to make the trip with their tows. Several of our ships have sustained some battle damage, so I expect we'll be allowed some ground leave while they're being repaired."

"The crews will like that."

"Yes, I imagine they will. Anyway, I'll want you to work out some tactics for protecting the tugs. It will be a different situation from what we're usually involved in, and different tactics might be called for."

"Yes, sir. I'll set up a Game Matrix and see what comes out of it."

At that moment they were interrupted by Commander Manuel Chavez, the ship's Medical Officer, coming in.

"Good day, Manny. I'll be finished talking with Commander Johnson in a moment. Help yourself to some tea and sit down." Likhatchov turned his attention back to Johnson. "Now, how did we do today? Never mind the detailed statistics. I know they're your bread and butter, but I just want your overall evaluation."

"I'd say not badly, sir, considering that we tangled with a force of Monitors, numbering almost as many as our own force. We did pretty well to inflict that much damage, while suffering no more losses than we did."

"Did our results measure up to the Fleet-wide average?"

"Strictly speaking, you can't apply Fleet-wide averages to an action this small. But even so, we did better than my Game Matrix predicted at the outset."

"What about the enemy? We usually come out ahead in a battle like this, when we have more ships than they do. Why didn't they withdraw? They couldn't have got away if we wanted to press the attack, but they could have forced us to chase them. That would have given them a significant tactical advantage."

"I can't explain it, sir. I don't understand their motives at all. When they persist in using such bad tactics, time after time, I don't even try to explain their other actions."

"What's this? Their allegedly bad tactics? You've been talking about that since the beginning of the war."

"But it's true. Before each battle we compute the best mix of tactics for our own forces. That way we're guaranteed a certain ratio between their losses and ours, on the average, even if they use their best possible tactics. But we always come out slightly better than expected, because they don't use their best possible tactics."

"Maybe they're just inherently poor tacticians."

"If their tactics varied all over the lot, I could believe that. But they don't. They always use the same set of tactics. The mix is wrong, but they always use it."

"So, here we are back to your old argument again."

"That's right, sir. The fact that they always use the same mix of tactics indicates to me that they're using something like Game Theory to compute it. But why do they come up with the wrong answer? And why can't they see it's the wrong answer, when their losses are consistently higher than they need to be?"

"Well, let's hope they keep on being wrong. As the FM argued, it will help shorten the war." He turned to the Medical Officer. "Manny, I didn't have a whole lot for you. It's just that there will be some wounded men on one of our Cruisers that's been damaged. We're supposed to escort it back to base. Their sick bay may not have room for all of them. I'd like you to check into having some of them moved into our ships if necessary."

"Yes, sir. I don't think it will be any problem. I'll get on it right away."

"Fine. Anything more, either of you?" He looked from Johnson to Chavez and back.

"No, sir," they chorused, and stood up to leave.

Once out in the corridor, Chavez asked, "You're back on your 'wrong tactics' theme again?"

"I'll probably be on it until the end of the war, unless they quit fighting this way before then."

"I've heard you expound on it before, but I confess I don't understand it. Higher mathematics always left me cold."

"But it's not really that difficult. Look, there are only three basic tactics you can use in ship-to-ship combat."

"Yes, I remember them from my basic training. Straight-on attack, maneuvering attack, and course-reversal."

"Right. Each one has its advantages, but there's a specific counter-tactic for each one, too. If you used any one of them all the time, the enemy would soon learn that fact, and always use the proper counter-tactic. So you mix them up. Game Theory tells you the proper mix, and in a specific case, you choose one by some chance device. I use an octahedral die I had made up specially in Luna City. It gives the proper odds for a Destroyer versus Monitor engagement.

"Anyway, the point is there's one best mix of tactics, and you can't improve your situation by deviating from it. In fact, if you do deviate your average losses increase. The way we figure it, on each engagement between a Destroyer and a Monitor, on the average we should lose three quarters of a man less than they do. Instead, their losses average one and three eights man per engagement more than ours. And the reason is they're using the wrong mix of tactics. If they'd use the right mix, they could cut their losses, and there wouldn't be a thing we could do about it."

"So that's what the First Minister meant, in that recorded briefing, that the Khorilani losses were twice what had been predicted."

"That's what he said, but somehow he'd got it wrong. It's not their total losses that are twice the original predictions, it's only the excess of their losses over ours that's almost twice the original predictions. That's a far different thing."

"Still, it indicates we're doing well, doesn't it?"

"That it does. It's just so puzzling, that they should stick to such bad tactics. They must know something about Game Theory. Why don't they use the right mix of tactics to lower their losses?

"Well, here's my cabin. I'm going to rest for a little while, before we reach the ships to be towed back to base."

"O.K. I've got to call the other ships' Medics about their unused sick bay space."

Johnson entered his tiny cabin and closed the door behind him. He pushed the one chair up to the desk, closed the door to the lavatory, and folded his bunk down. He lay down and consciously forced himself to relax. The intense concentration of a battle always drained him of nervous energy, and he'd need to be rested in case the Division had to face another fight soon. The words of the Medical Officer came to the fore of his mind. He hadn't thought of it for some time, but perhaps no one had ever told the First Minister of his mistake. But it was down on tape, and by now must have been played for every man in the Fleet, and probably in the Army, too.

The war had started out as a series of border clashes. Little had been said about them officially, but as ships touched down at ports, the word was spread from friend to friend. So Johnson hadn't been completely surprised the first time the Division received orders which sent it into combat against a unit of the Khorilani fleet. Later, they had been ordered to patrol a region of the space between the human and Khorilani spheres of influence, and had a brief skirmish with another intruding Khorilani unit before it withdrew towards its own territory.

Then one day, while cruising along a well-traveled shipping route near the border, the Division had been overtaken by a courier ship. The courier was carrying tapes which were to be played for all crew members. The Division halted in space, and half the ships stood down from watch, while the other half remained on alert. Since all the routine functions of the ship were completely automated, the entire crew of eight officers and four enlisted maintenance technicians crowded into the ship's mess. The Display which filled one wall, and which was usually used for entertainment tapes, showed the tape the courier ship had brought.

The tape opened with a shot of the Chief of Naval Staff, seated at his desk. The Seal of the Terran Space Navy hung on the wall behind him, and his desk was flanked by the flag of the Terran Confederation, and the Admiral's own five-star flag. The camera zoomed in, focusing on the chiefs head and shoulders.

"Men and women of the Fleet," he began, "some of you have already been in combat with units of the Khorilani forces. Many of the rest of you have heard that there has been some fighting. Undoubtedly you have wondered why. To help you understand the issues, I want you all to see the following recording. It shows a debate in the Terran Parliament, in which all the issues were discussed fully. It should assure you that the cause in which you are fighting not only is just, but has the support of the rest of your race. Your diligent efforts are required to de fend the homes of your fellow humans, and to bring this war to a successful conclusion."

The camera held on the Admiral's face, with its grim expression, for a few moments. Then the view expanded to show the Seal and two flags again. The display blanked out, and then showed a large room. There was no need to identify it. Virtually any human of school age, on any of the worlds of the Confederation, would have recognized the interior of the Lower Chamber of the Terran Parliament. The floor was packed. Every Delegate, from every one of the human-settled worlds, was in his place, as well as every Alternate who could find room. The camera panned along the galleries, showing them to be filled with the great, the near-great, and anyone else who could wangle a pass out of his Delegate. The camera then zoomed in on the First Minister, who was standing at the Speaker's rostrum.

"I'll bet this is going to be a lot of political nonsense," Chavez growled.

"It's bound to be pretty political," Johnson replied. "He's got to defend the conduct of the first big war we've had in thirty years. And the fact that there's a large minority of the human race who question whether the war was necessary in the first place, doesn't make it any easier for him."

"Bah!" Captain Likhatchov snorted. "Anyone who's been shot at as much as I have, even if it's mostly border clashes and piracy suppression, is against war, too. But sometimes you have to take a stand or you get walked over. The Khorilani have to be shown we deserve some respect."

Then the First Minister's voice boomed out. "Good morning, ladies and gentlemen. I'm pleased to have this opportunity to tell you, directly, about the course of our war with the Khorilani, and to ask you for your support in a more vigorous prosecution of this war.

"To start with, there has been a lot of defeatist talk to the effect that we're suffering losses that are too high; that a few planets aren't worth that many lives. I want to scotch that kind of talk right now. I assure you that none of you is more concerned than I am about the lives of our brave young spacemen and soldiers. Each one killed is a tragedy, a tragedy that I feel just as deeply as though I had known him personally. "Before we decided to declare war, the Minister of Defense and I very carefully went over the casualty estimates prepared by the Services. Both Chiefs of Staff agreed on a particular plan for the campaign, and estimated both our casualties and those of the enemy. Even though their estimates showed that the enemy losses would be higher than ours, we pondered long and hard before agreeing to go to war. We finally decided that the long-term threat was high enough that we had no choice but to fight.

"Despite the tragedy of the war, however, I am happy to report that our losses are slightly lower than the original predictions of our military men, while the enemy losses are nearly twice what they had originally predicted. The enemy cannot long continue the current unfavorable casualty exchange rate. He will have to sue for peace, probably much sooner than we had originally predicted. The war is going very well for us, and ..."

"What's that?" Johnson burst out. "That's a complete distortion of the true situation on the casualty exchange ratio."

"Keep it for later," Likhatchov snapped. "Let's hear what he has to say."

The voice of the First Minister continued. "... Facts will, I hope, bring an end to those voices of timidity which are downgrading the sacrifices of our brave fighting men, and encouraging the enemy to think we don't have the stamina to continue the fight.

"Now I will entertain questions from the members of either Chamber. All the members of the Cabinet are here" - he indicated a row of men and women seated behind him - "in case they are needed to provide detailed answers to any of your questions. The speaker of the Upper Chamber will recognize Members who wish to ask questions."

The Speaker slowly walked up and took a position beside the First Minister. The camera showed him examining the panel of lights behind the rostrum. A larger replica of the same panel, on the wall behind the rostrum, showed a whole constellation of lights, from Members who had asked for recognition. Some words passed between the First Minister and the Speaker, too low for the microphone to catch. Then the Speaker intoned in his voice of practiced authority, "The Chair recognizes the Senior Delegate from Terra, Pierre LeBlanc."

The Terran Delegate rose from his place with ponderous dignity. He reached for a piece of paper on his desk, and held it up before him.

"The FM must feel pretty confident," Johnson muttered. "He's giving the biggest voice among the Opposition first crack at him."

After a pause, the Terran Delegate spoke. His voice came in slow, precise syllables. "Thank you, Mr. Speaker. I have a question for the First Minister. To save time, a number of Delegates have agreed to let me ask the question which is concerning all of them. This is a sizable number of Delegates, I might add. It includes not only most of the Terran Delegation, but many Delegates from the colony worlds, such as Mars and New Texas. In all, we represent nearly a fourth of the human race. And I am sure that many additional Delegates have the same question. We simply did not have time to include them in our discussions. In all, I daresay that over half of humanity must be wondering about this same question.

"You have told us that the war is going well. We are killing more of the Khorilani than they are killing of our young men and women. You have even told us that in the long run these disputed planets are worth more than the lives we are expending for them. Let us assume, for the moment, that these things are true. You still have not answered the fundamental question. Is war the only way we could have settled the issue? Could we not have reached some compromise with the Khorilani, through diplomacy and negotiation, which would have assured both sides a reasonable share of the disputed planets, without any loss of life on either side? As a gesture of goodwill, to assure better relations with the Khorilani in the future, why could we not have accepted somewhat less than what we considered our fair share of the disputed planets? In short, was this war the only answer?"

The view in the Display expanded to show the whole Chamber. LeBlanc's question was receiving applause from Delegates in all quarters.

"That's why the FM let LeBlanc get in the first question," Likhatchov said in a low voice. "A lot of the Delegates were wondering about that. They wouldn't pay attention to anything anyone says on any subject as long as their mind's on that one."

"The FM's a shrewd politician, no doubt of that," was Johnson's reply.

As the last scattering of applause died out, the camera zoomed in on the First Minister. "I assure you," he began, "that had any possibility of compromise remained open, we would have explored it before making the decision to go to war. We concluded there simply was no other choice. To set your minds at ease on the question, however, I would like the Minister for Nonhuman Affairs to describe for you the negotiations we attempted to carry out with the Khorilani before we concluded there was no alternative to war."

He stepped down from the rostrum, and moved to the side opposite the Speaker. One of the men seated behind him rose from his chair: The camera focused on him and followed him to the rostrum.

The Minister for Nonhuman Affairs spoke up. "Thank you," he said as he nodded to the First Minister. Then he turned toward the Chamber. "Perhaps I feel the tragedy of this war more than any other member of the Cabinet. To me, more than to any other except perhaps the First Minister, it represents a personal failure. Despite the best efforts of both myself and of the best professional negotiators of the Extraterrestrial Service, war could not be avoided. Yet I don't see anything more we could have done, any opportunity we did not follow up.

"Let me review the situation for you. The human and Khorilani cultures have been expanding towards each other for well over a century. Other than occasional sightings of each other's ships in space, and instances of one of us finding the other's installations on a planet we had planned to colonize, there has been essentially no contact between the races. Until a decade or so ago, probably not over a dozen humans had even seen a member of the Khorilani race, and these contacts were brief and of no lasting importance. Finally, however, the two races ran into each other in the same region of space. There is simply no more room for either of us to expand in that region. The two zones of influence have finally come in contact. There are approximately twenty star systems in the region of contact. Several of them have planets that either race could colonize. Both we and they want to colonize those planets. We have, of course, faced this same problem with two other nonhuman races in the past, and solved it peaceably. Therefore, when the issue finally came to a head two years ago, both I and my staff had considerable confidence that this conflict could be settled peaceably, too."

He turned and nodded toward the First Minister. "As the First Minister has told you, we tried to negotiate with the Khorilani. I won't bother to review for you the means by which we managed to communicate to them that we wanted to hold a conference to negotiate the issues, nor the problems we encountered in finding ways to communicate with them at a conference. I will simply say that we did overcome the difficulties, and one year ago we did, in fact, convene a conference. I attended most of the sessions myself, once I was assured that the chief Khorilani delegate also represented their rulers directly.

"In the preliminary groundwork which led up to the conference, we received the distinct impression that the Khorilani understood the concepts of negotiation and compromise. Their equivalent notions seemed to have more of the idea of optimization than of mutual adjustment, but there seemed to be enough commonality of concept that we could conduct meaningful negotiations. So we entered the conference with the idea that there would be some haggling and horse-trading, but that the outstanding issues would eventually be resolved amicably, and in an almost routine fashion."

"That's no lie," Likhatchov growled. "They even cut the Defense budget that year. We're paying now for that cut; paying in both Solars and lives."

The Minister continued. "At the first negotiation session, we presented a proposed division of the worlds in the disputed area. We had based our division on the habitable land area of each planet. We had taken into account not only the number of square kilometers of land surface on each planet, but the climate, length of year, and so on. Based on the most complete information we had about each world, in particular its desirability for colonization, we had made as equal a division of the worlds as we could. We would actually have been happy with either half of our proposed split, but we proposed that we be given that group contiguous with the human-settled region of space. We assumed there would be some changes in the split, based on proximity to worlds already settled, organization of efficient trade routes, and other such factors. But we felt we had made a proposal which was a good start toward a peaceful compromise. We simply weren't anticipating the way things turned out.

"The Khorilani started out by making a counter-proposal of their own. In itself, there was nothing wrong with this. We didn't consider that there was anything sacred about the way we had proposed to split things up. There were a lot of possible ways of combining those planets into groups of about equal value. The thing that dismayed us was that their division showed no attempt to produce an equal split. Their split would have given them over three quarters of the desirable land area. My reaction, when I saw their proposal, was that they were hard bargainers, and that they had taken an initial position which left them plenty of room for maneuver."

The Minister stopped, searched under the rostrum, and came up with a pitcher and a glass. He poured some water, took a sip, and went on. "So we made another proposal. This one was also a nearly equal split of land area, but made some concessions to them in terms of a more compact clustering of planets, and so on. We considered it as being somewhere between our original proposal and their counter-proposal. It was an attempt to give them a little without hurting ourselves too much. But we finally had to conclude they weren't interested in working out an agreement. Oh, they went through the motions. Every time we made a proposal, they made a counter-proposal. If they had been interested in agreeing, their proposals and ours should have converged. Eventually we should have reached something acceptable to both sides. But instead, their proposals and ours diverged. Every time we gave any concessions, their next proposal demanded more.

"Their final proposal was the last straw. Out of that whole collection of planets, they offered to give us one single system, consisting of two planets. One was an airless planet about the size of Mercury, and the other was a Jovian supergiant. All the colonizable planets they wanted to keep for themselves. It was with deep regret that I concluded they weren't really interested in coming to an agreement. So after discussions with the First Minister and the remainder of the Cabinet, I broke off negotiations. We then selected a group of worlds which had about half the total habitable land area, but which was compactly arranged, giving advantages for both defense and trade. We proceeded to colonize those planets, using the Fleet to protect them, and to attack those Khorilani installations which appeared to pose a threat to our new colonies. This led to the current war, which both Chambers of Delegates have supported with supplemental appropriations as we have requested them.

"Again I express my regret that war was the only way out. But I sincerely feel we tried everything we could do, short of simply surrendering those worlds to them. I don't believe any of you would have had us do that."

The Minister for Nonhuman Affairs stepped down from the rostrum. The camera panned throughout the Chamber, to show Delegates in all quarters applauding vigorously. When the applause had died down, the camera returned to focus on the rostrum. The First Minister stepped up to take his original place, and the Speaker moved close to him. Again there was a flashing of many lights on the panel behind the rostrum. After another brief discussion between the First Minister and the Speaker, the latter intoned his decision to the Chamber.

"The Chair recognizes the Delegate from Novo Chuvash, Yuri Dubronov."

The camera swung over to show Dubronov, and zoomed in on him. Slowly he levered himself to his feet with his left arm.

"The FM's let the Opposition have their say, and neatly shot them down," Likhatchov muttered. "Now he's bringing up his own people."

"Do you know Dubronov?" Johnson asked.

"Only by reputation. Novo Chuvash may not have as many people as Terra, but it's got fully as much habitable land, and we're spread out all over it. But he's well-liked all over the planet. He lost that right arm in a little so-called police action about ten years ago. Left the Navy and went into politics. I've voted for him ever since. Novo Chuvash will probably elect him Delegate as long as he wants the job."

Dubronov swung his eyes over the entire Chamber, then faced the Speaker's rostrum. "Thank you, Mister Speaker. I have no questions, but I wish to make some comments. What we have been told by the Minister for Nonhuman Affairs shouldn't have come as a surprise to anyone in this Chamber. Anyone whose interests manage to extend beyond the atmosphere of his own little world should have been fully aware of all the details the Minister gave us. Now no one, even those who devote their attention only to matters close to them, can claim ignorance of the facts. We've heard from one of the leaders of those who can't see beyond the clouds over their own heads. They even claim to represent some of the colony worlds. Colony worlds!" Here his voice filled with scorn. "Mars! New Texas! Colony worlds indeed. Those haven't been colony worlds for over a century. We know what they are. They're fat-cat worlds, interested only in getting and keeping more Solars."

He turned to face LeBlanc directly. "You claim to be concerned about the lives being lost to defend the new worlds humanity has colonized. What do you know about lives being lost? It is the colonies which supply most of the men to the Services." He waved his stump of a right arm at LeBlanc. "We in the colony worlds are no strangers to fighting. Check the recruiting statistics, if you wish. Novo Chuvash alone will supply more recruits to the Navy than will all of Terra, with its huge population. You're not worried about lives, or you'd have said something during all the years of border clashes and pirate raids. Suddenly you're worried that this war is going to cost you some money. But you're ashamed to say that, so you talk about lives."

He turned again to face the Speaker's rostrum. "Fellow Delegates, we cannot allow this hidden ' appeal to cupidity to win the day. Expansion and colonization are essential to the survival of humanity. The day we lack the courage to expand, we will have taken the first step towards extinction. We will turn our minds inward, to the petty concerns which surround us daily, and forget the things which brought humanity to where it is today. Our expansion should be peaceful as long as this is possible. We must share the Universe with the other races who live in it. We must treat them fairly if we expect fair treatment in return. But we must never hesitate to fight for what is rightfully ours, or we shall take our place in history alongside the Terran dinosaurs and elephants, while the stars go to more vigorous races." The view in the Display expanded to show the entire Chamber exploding into applause. Delegates all over the floor were standing and cheering. The guards in the galleries gave up trying to keep the visitors quiet. After a long while the applause finally died down.

After that it was a complete rout for the opponents of the First Minister. A few more Delegates tried to echo LeBlanc's questions, but it was to no avail. The colony worlds, especially those near the disputed area, spoke eloquently for expansion and colonization, and in favor of enforcing the rights of humanity against the Khorilani, with force if necessary. The ultimate decision was an overwhelming vote in support of an expanded war. Then the tape came to an end, and the Display went blank.

Johnson remembered thinking, as he left the mess, that the whole episode had probably been staged by the First Minister, with the careful planning of the best psychologists and sociologists the Expansionist Party could obtain. It had all the earmarks of something carefully tailored to appeal to the emotions of the masses. But since the masses were going to supply the lives and the money the war would cost, their support was essential.

Probably, Johnson mused, the First Minister had been told that his statement about relative losses was in error, but there was no point in admitting it publicly. But why, why, why, he asked himself, haven't the Khorilani changed their tactics? In the six months since the FM made his statement, the intensity of the war had been stepped up several-fold, but the only effect had been to change the absolute level of casualties on both sides. The exchange ratio still favored the Terran forces, and by the same amount. And no one could offer any reason to explain why the Khorilani persisted in their less-than-optimum tactics. Their Game Theory specialists ought to be just as capable of computing the right Grand Strategy as those in the Terran forces.

Well, he told himself, maybe we'll find out when the war is over. In the meantime, there's work to be done. He got up from his bunk, stretched, and then folded the bunk back into the wall. Then he returned to the compartment housing his battle console, unlocked it, and set to work devising the best tactics to defend the tugs they would be escorting.

Johnson watched the captured enemy ship drift in from the edge of his Display. The Division was approaching it rapidly, still maintaining the formation he had prescribed, with the tugs at the center. As soon as they reached the captive vessel, the two squadrons of Destroyers in the Division would take up another formation, to provide maximum protection to the tugs while they were taking the enemy vessel in tow.

He switched the intercom on, and called Lieutenant Friedrichs, the Division Intelligence Officer.

"Hans, this is Arnie. I'm trying to estimate the likelihood of an enemy force showing up while we're here. I imagine if a large force had been dispatched to this area, it would be here already. But how about some tugs and an escort? Are we likely to run into an enemy force on a recovery mission similar to our own? Or perhaps just trying to rescue the crew?"

Friedrichs's voice came back. "Just to refresh my memory, I checked through my files on that sort of thing. So far as we can tell, the enemy never rescues the crewmen of a damaged ship, unless the ship itself is worth salvaging. We have seen cases of the enemy recovering ships that appeared to be reparable. But we've never seen the enemy trying to rescue a crew from a damaged ship, or from one downed on a planet, even when there wasn't much of a threat from our own ships in the area."

"Just one more difference between, I guess. I know of people who've been rescued literally from under the noses of the enemy. We make a real try at rescuing our people. O.K., I guess we'll either face a big force or none at all, and none at all is the most likely situation. Thanks."

He then switched to the Command Channel, to keep abreast of the current situation. There was some talk back and forth among the ships of the Division, mostly about station-keeping and maneuvering. Then he heard Likhatchov's voice going out.

"Calling TSN Ship Algol. This is Likhatchov, on the Arcturus."

The Algol? Johnson thought. That's not one of our ships. She must be one of the ships standing guard over the captured enemy ship.

Almost immediately, a message came back. "Calling Arcturus. This is Hsing, on the Algol. You're right on schedule. You have the tugs with you?"

"Yes, we do. What is the condition of the enemy ship?"

"We've seen no sign of activity since we took up watch over it. The ship appears completely inert. She doesn't seem to be too badly damaged, but even so I doubt very much if she has anything but emergency power for lights and communications. And she certainly has made no attempt to signal us."

"You haven't attempted to board her?"

"No, we haven't. Any boarding party we sent would be outnumbered even if half her crew were already dead. I didn't want to risk it."

"Well, the tugs can't hook up until we're sure the crew is not going to put up any resistance. They have no defensive screens up, I presume?"

"None at all. As I said, she's completely inert."

"Very well, then, here's what we'll do. I'll draw up my ships in formation around her, but well away. Then I'll want your two ships to move away. I'll make up a boarding party of at least ten men, drawing from several ships. They would still be outnumbered, but I don't expect them to have to put down any organized resistance. They ought to be capable of overcoming any die-hard individuals. If the remaining crew members put up organized resistance, our boarding party will withdraw, and we'll sterilize the ship with a burst nearby."

"If she turns on her defensive screens, they'll protect her from the radiation of a near burst."

"True enough. Then as soon as our boarding party is out of the way, we'll open up with a bombardment heavy enough to knock her screens down."

"Very well. The plan does leave some risk. They might be playing possum, and manage to hit one of our ships before we silence them. But I have no alternative to suggest. With only two ships, I didn't even have enough force available to try anything except keeping watch on them."

"I imagine if they had any fight left in them, they would have opened up on your two ships before we got here. They must have realized you were waiting for reinforcements, and that the odds against them were going to get worse, and not better."

"They may have been waiting for reinforcements of their own."

"On the basis of what my Intelligence Officer tells me, I've pretty much discounted that possibility. We can't ignore it completely, so we're going to be prepared to fight off any attackers who may show up. But we've never captured a ship of this class before, and Fleet Command thinks it's worth some risk. I'll call you back later. I've got to get a boarding party made up."

As soon as the channel was clear, Johnson called the Algol and the Polaris, which turned out to be the name of the other ship, and informed them of the tactics he had planned for use in case they were attacked while the tugs were hooking up. Then he switched back to the intercom. He caught the tail end of a conversation between the Gunnery Officer and Captain Likhatchov, then heard the Medical Officer come on.

"Captain Likhatchov, this is Commander Sanchez."

"Yes, what is it?"

"I request permission to accompany the boarding party onto the enemy ship."

"But why? If the boarding party takes casualties, I'd expect to evacuate them for treatment."

"I wasn't thinking of casualties. I was hoping to indulge my scientific curiosity. You don't plan to remove the prisoners from their ship, do you?"

"No. As long as the ship is still habitable for them, I'd rather keep them on it. Even though they are oxygen breathers, I'm sure they'd be more comfortable on their own ship than on one of ours, and they'll be much less trouble."

"That's what I thought. Well, I'd like the chance to observe them under as normal conditions, for them, as, possible. Biologically and medically, we know almost nothing about them except that we and they can live on the same planets."

"All right. I think the risk is minimal. Just remember, you're not to get involved in any fighting. The Fleet is too short of good Medical Officers to allow you to try any heroics. Be at Lock Number Three, in your suit, in ten minutes."

Johnson watched the formation of his Display. The ships were holding position well, and making the occasional random shifts required to keep the enemy guessing. By now the captured enemy ship was completely englobed. One of the other ships had provided a gig for the boarding party, and it had been threading its way through the formation, picking up one or two men from each of several ships. Now it was headed for the enemy ship in the center of the formation.

He switched to the channel Likhatchov would be using to communicate with the gig. He didn't take his eyes off the Display, however. One wiggle out of that enemy ship, and suddenly the job of coordinating the fighting and maneuvering of twenty ships fell on his shoulders. The channel carried nothing but the soft rush of static from the distant stars. Then a voice came on.

"Arcturus, this is Ngomo." Commander Ngomo, from the Fomalhaut, was in charge of the boarding party.

"Go ahead."

"We're now ten kilometers from the ship. We've halted here temporarily, to see if there was any reaction from the enemy. There has been none in thirty seconds, so we're going in closer."

Again the channel carried nothing but star noise. Johnson watched the tiny dot of the gig creep forward in his Display. He blew up the image, to show only the gig and the enemy ship. Even on this smaller scale, the gig seemed to inch forward, exuding caution. Ngomo was a good choice, Johnson reflected. He was well-known as a man who planned ahead thoroughly, and never risked being caught by surprise. Johnson watched the gig as it crept toward the enemy ship, then returned the Display to a view of the entire formation. As long as he was on duty at the Console, he couldn't allow himself to be distracted from the main job. On this scale, the gig almost seemed to be touching the enemy ship.

"Arcturus, this is Ngomo. I'm now stopped a kilometer from the ship. Still no sign of any activity. I can make out a lock on the near side, and a short distance aft, there's a hole blown through the hull. I'm going to try to open the lock. If that doesn't work, I'll go through the hole and blow my way through a compartment wall, if necessary."

"This is Likhatchov. Go ahead."

The two dots merged on the Display. Johnson expanded the view again, and watched as the gig drew up to within a few meters of, the enemy. Then he switched back to watching the whole formation. The moment the gig made contact was the most likely time for a surprise move from the enemy, and he had to be ready. For a long moment, he watched the single dot representing the gig and the enemy ship.

"Arcturus, this is Ngomo. The outer lock opened when we worked the controls. We're going in."

Johnson threw a switch, and a clock readout was superimposed on the Display. The ghostly numerals floated across the image of the formation, with the hard white dots of the ships passing through them. The counter added up the seconds with agonizing slowness. Three times the seconds crawled up to sixty and dropped back to zero.

"Arcturus, this is Ngomo. As far as we can tell, the entire crew is dead. The atmosphere in here seems adequate. I've taken my helmet off and I can breathe all right. The lights still work, and the blowers are still moving the air around. The temperature feels a bit high, but I understand that's normal for the Khorilani. There are corpses all around. They seem to have dropped right at their stations. Here's Commander Chavez."

The voice of the Medical Officer came on. "Captain, I've looked over several of the dead crewmen. I don't see any marks on them, to indicate they died from physical injuries. My best guess is suicide, by the entire crew."

Likhatchov's voice replied: "Any signs of poison, or anything like that?"

"I don't even know what their normal expressions look like. I've no way of judging whether they exhibit poisoning symptoms."

"All right. At least there's no resistance. Ngomo, secure the ship and stand by to help the tugs. Then return to your ships."

"Yes, sir. Ngomo signing off."

Johnson switched to the intercom, planning to call Friedrichs, but found the captain already in consultation with the Intelligence Officer.

"Anything like this happening before?"

"Remember, Captain, during the whole course of the war we've captured only two enemy ships before this one. I imagine that's why Fleet Command was so eager to recover this one. According to the information I have in my files, the first one captured was holed in all compartments, and had completely lost atmosphere. So, of course, it was no surprise to find the entire crew dead. The second had some compartments still airtight, but had taken several hits in quick succession. It wasn't clear whether the screens were still operating right up to the end, so the crew may have been killed by radiation. However, I did find that one of the officers examining the ship immediately after she was captured suggested the possibility of mass suicide on the part of the crew."

"He evidently was right, then. We seem to have a clear-cut example of it in this case. All right, thanks." The intercom gave out some switching noises, then Likhatchov's voice came on again.

"Johnson, this is Likhatchov."

"I was listening, Captain. What is it?"

"We've taken an awful lot of time here, and apparently for no good purpose. What do you think of splitting the Division, leaving one Squadron here to guard this operation, while we take the other Squadron and start hooking up on that Cruiser right away?"

Johnson leaned back in his chair. In a gesture he was completely unconscious of, he pulled at his chin with his thumb and forefinger. According to the Lanchester Square Law, splitting a force in half meant that each half had only one fourth the fighting power of the whole force. Because of this, Tactics Officers were drilled until it almost became a reflex, Never Split a Force. But there had to be exceptions, and the time saved here might be worth the risk.

Finally he spoke. "All right. As you know, splitting a force is usually considered a cardinal sin, but in this case I think it's justified. Our Destroyers are faster than any combat ships of the Khorilani, and either Squadron ought to be able to evade a decisive engagement until it can be reinforced. So in this case I think the risks are acceptable."

"Fine. We'll get under way as soon as the boarding party returns."

The Display was empty except for the one Squadron of Destroyers, surrounding the two tugs. Johnson stared at it until his eyes burned, waiting for the Cruiser they were heading for to come into view. After they reached the Cruiser, he would have enough to keep him busy. Until then he had nothing to do but wonder whether he had given Likhatchov the correct advice. He was too honest with himself to rationalize his way out. And besides, the problem might come up again some time, and he was more likely to make a good decision then if he were willing to admit he might have made a mistake this time. But he wouldn't know for sure until the operation was over successfully.

After a long time he glanced at the navigation repeaters, which duplicated the navigation instrument displays in the Pilot's compartment. They showed the Squadron to be nearly stopped. He looked at his Display again, and still saw no sign of the Cruiser.

He switched the intercom on. He heard Likhatchov's voice, evidently talking to the other ships' commanders. "My Pilot swears we're at the coordinates we were given. Does anyone see anything?"

There was silence, then a chorus of negative replies. "All right, then we'll have to begin a search pattern."

Johnson was back to work again. An efficient search pattern would have meant maximum spacing of the ships. However, this was the weakest defensive arrangement. Thus he had to devise a search pattern which balanced the need for a rapid, efficient search with the need for mutual protection among ships. The computer finally produced one which satisfied him, and the search started. The Squadron swept a larger and larger volume of space about the reported coordinates of the Cruiser. Fifteen minutes went by with no sign of anything except the usual specks of cosmic rubbish in interstellar space.

"I've got something," a voice reported. "Looks like debris from a ship. Not enough to be a Cruiser, though."

"Go investigate it," Likhatchov ordered. "The rest of us will continue the search."

Minutes later, the same voice came back. "Arcturus, this is Hartman on the Rigel. We've matched course with the objects we spotted. They're not debris. They're human bodies. Thirty of them."

"Exactly the complement of a Cruiser," someone interjected.

"Abandon the search!" Likhatchov barked out. "Everyone converge on the Rigel, and set up a defensive formation."

Johnson decided the same formation he had planned to use to defend the tugs while they were hooking up to the Cruiser, would be suitable here. In short order the ships were in position, and he kept only about half his mind on the Display. With the other half he followed the conversation between the ships.

"This is Hartman speaking. We've brought one of the bodies aboard. He was a crewman on the Pleiades, according to the markings on his jumper."

"That's the ship we were looking for."

"How did he die?"

"My Medical Officer says he died of asphyxiation and explosive decompression. In short, being tossed into space without a suit."

"He was definitely alive when he was decompressed?"

"No question about it. The symptoms are unmistakable."

Another voice cut in. "Perhaps he was in a compartment that was holed during the battle."

"I doubt it," yet another voice replied. "It would take a mighty big hole to cause that rapid a loss of air."

Likhatchov's voice cut through the babel. "Any indications that the Pleiades blew up, or met some other disaster?"

Hartman's voice came back. "There is a small amount of debris here, sir, but not enough to be the remains of an explosion. Somehow or other the whole ship is gone."

"Well, bring the rest of the bodies aboard, and see if you learn any more from them. Wait, you haven't space for that many." There was a pause, then Likhatchov ordered three other ships to assist in recovering the bodies.

Johnson watched the ships shift their positions in his Display. Soon the four recovery ships were clustered together. He blew up the picture to maximum magnification, but was still unable to see the bodies. He returned the view to that of the whole formation, and continued to watch.

Hartman's voice, almost too agitated to be recognized, came on again. "Hartman to Arcturus. We just recovered a body that had a note on it. It was stuffed up under the man's jumper, just a corner showing."

"What does it say?"

"It says, 'We tried to surrender, but they're throwing us overboard'."

"That's all?"

"Yes, sir. Evidently he just had time to write it and conceal it before he was thrown overboard, too."

"Thrown overboard! Who ... ?" someone demanded.

"The Khorilani, of course!" a reply came.

"The barbarians!" another voice added. "They'll neither take prisoners, nor allow themselves to be taken prisoner."

"Suicide before capture? It's fanatical. And they must have thought our men were cowards, who lacked the courage to do the honorable thing."

"All right!" Likhatchov barked. "Evidently the Khorilani reached this ship before we did. They must have wanted to make a capture as badly as we wanted to capture one of their ships. I should have anticipated something like that."

"No one could have anticipated this kind of barbarism!"

Another voice added, grimly, "At least now we know. You may as well die fighting, because you'll certainly die if you surrender."

"That's enough," Likhatchov cut in again. "As soon as those bodies are recovered, we've got to rejoin forces with the other squadron. We don't want either half of the Division to be caught by a Khorilani force."

"Then back to the base at System C182? That's going to be a long five days."

"It won't be five days," Likhatchov responded. "Just before we reached this spot, I received new orders. We're to proceed to System C473. It's only a day's travel at tug speeds."

One of the ship commanders, who must have kept a star chart handy, came right back. "But that's an enemy-held system."

"It was enemy-held. It was brought under attack about a week ago, and was supposed to be taken in not less than six weeks. But apparently we captured it in less than one week. Anyway, we've been ordered there."

Commander Johnson leaned back in the chair, and bounced experimentally a couple of times. "Say, these chairs feel pretty comfortable. Maybe we ought to import them from the Khorilani after the war is over."

Commander Ivanov, seated behind the strangely-proportioned desk, smiled ruefully. "That's what everyone says the first time they sit in one. Wait until you've been sitting in it a half hour or so. The Khorilani body structure is somewhat different from ours, and that chair was designed to fit them. It has lots of padding, but you'll soon find it's in the wrong places."

Johnson shifted his weight back and forth. "Hm-m-m, you're right, Yuri. I see what you mean. Some of the chair framework would bear right on human bones. Their musculature is obviously different from ours. The padding's in different places."

Yuri's face resumed its normal solemn look. "That's it. And this desk doesn't quite fit me, either. The drawers are just too widely spaced, and all the proportions are wrong. I'll sure he glad when we get some of our own furniture. It's not due for two months, though. That's when we expected to be occupying the planet."

"I guess an unexpected victory can be just as bad for the logistics people as an unexpected defeat. So the whole planet committed suicide, then?"

"That's right. This whole campaign was one of the most fantastic things I ever experienced. We came in with a force much bigger than the fleet they had defending the planet. We could crush their fleet if it stood and fought, or cut it to pieces if it ran. They tried to fight us off, and we did crush them. We were prepared to put aground a landing force of half a million men. We expected that the first wave would suffer fifty percent losses fighting its way down. But when we started the landing, the first wave got down without opposition. They set up their perimeters, still unopposed. We sent the second and third waves down, then held back the rest. Because there weren't any combat casualties, we had more men on the planet's surface than we were prepared to feed the second day.

"To make a long story short, then, they found that everyone on the whole planet had committed suicide. We've got something like ten million corpses lying around. Our Engineer forces have been working day and night to get them buried before we have a pestilence. I'm not complaining, of course. I put a lot of work into the plans for the landing. But I'm glad we didn't take the fifty thousand casualties we expected."

Johnson looked more closely at his friend. His close-cropped black hair and black eyes combined to give him a gloomy appearance. But now the eyes looked tired, and his face was lined. "You look like you've been putting in a lot of overtime, Yuri. How come?"

Ivanov passed a hand across his face and sighed. "I certainly have. I put in at least twelve hours straight here in the office, and usually come back for more after supper. The only break in that routine is when I have to make a field visit somewhere on the planet."

"What have you been doing? Normally a Tactics Officer doesn't have anything to do once the fighting is over."

"That's usually true, yes. But I've been working with the Intelligence people, trying to make sense of this planet we captured. General Hamaguchi is under a lot of pressure to extract every bit of information he can from this planet, as rapidly as possible. His Intelligence staff has plenty of experts on military and industrial matters, but he's short of economists. So every Tactics Officer the Fleet could spare, as well as most of the Army's Tactics Officers, are working trying to figure out the organization of the enemy economy here."

"Have you got anywhere yet?"

"Hardly. We've been working at it less than a week. We're just beginning to understand what they were doing here. In fact, the chairs like that one you're sitting in convinced us our first theory about the planet was wrong."

"What was that?"

"At first, we thought the planet was a penal colony. But after a couple of days, we decided they wouldn't have bothered to ship in millions of comfortable chairs like that to a penal colony. But we still don't believe it was a normal colony."

"But whatever made you think it was a penal colony? And why do you feel the comfortable chairs rule that out? Maybe it was a colony for political prisoners. Historically on Terra, they were given better treatment than that given to criminals."

"Well, our original reasons just weren't consistent with the notion of comfortable furniture. Listen. I'm supposed to visit a plant site, about an hour's trip away from here. Want to come along? I can show you some of these things easier than I can explain them."

Johnson glanced at his watch. "You bet. I wouldn't miss the chance to get a look at the planet. Will we be back before evening? If not, I've got to get a message to Commander Chavez, from my ship."

"Yes, we'll be back before then. After supper tonight, I've got to present my findings about the plant site to the rest of my team."

"Fine. Chavez and I usually go pub crawling together when we're on ground leave. There aren't any pubs here, but we figured we'd eat together tonight. Care to join us?"

"Wish I could, but I'll probably have a sandwich here in the office while I get my findings in shape for the rest of the team." He got up from the desk, put his hat on, and headed for the door. "My flier's up on the roof. Is this Chavez your captain?"

"No, he's the ship's Medical Officer."

"That sounds like an unusual combination, a Medical Officer and a Tactics Officer."

"Not when you stop to think that he's the only other man on the ship with a scientific outlook. We seem to have similar personalities to start with, and we're pretty much thrown together because our interests are so different from the rest of the crew."

"I know what you mean. Twice I've served with captains who had been Tactics Officers, but most of the time I've served with people who came up through Gunnery or Engineering. Sometimes it gets pretty grim, trying to find something to say when you're off duty, other than trivia and small talk. Here, this one's my flier. Hop in."

Moments later they were aloft and hovering to one side of the spaceport. Johnson could see the Arcturus off to one side, surrounded by scaffolding around the damaged compartments. There were a number of ships scattered around the spaceport, most of them also undergoing repairs. He also could see the wreckage of two Khorilani ships, both evidently freighters which had been caught on the ground during the fighting.

"Look over there," Ivanov pointed. "See those warehouses?"

"The burned ones?"

"Yes. They're typical of the Khorilani industrial installations. They tried to destroy everything, but didn't do too well at it. They set fire to those warehouses, but since they held nothing but metal ingots and semi-finished products such as plate, strip, and beams, the burning didn't hurt things much."

They gained more altitude, and swung away from the spaceport. "This whole area is typical of their installations," Ivanov went on. "This was the spaceport. They had some repair and refitting facilities for their ships, the warehouses for holding cargo in and outbound, and a landing area for fliers. Over there" - he pointed to one side of their line of flight - "they had huge blocks of apartments. They're far enough away from the spaceport that the noise level is low. There will be some apartments just like those, at the plant we're going to. You can see them when we get there. And beyond the apartments, there were fields under cultivation. The whole setup seems to be carefully integrated. All at one site, they have some industrial activity, housing for the workers, and food production and processing."

They flew on, covering kilometer after kilometer of forests, rivers and savannas. Occasionally they passed near one of the Khorilani settlements, each one showing the integrated pattern of industry, housing and agriculture. There were no roads, however. Evidently the Khorilani depended exclusively on antigravity fliers for transportation.

"This certainly is a pleasant world, at least at this latitude and during this season," Johnson remarked.

"Yes, it reminds me of home. Back on Schastye we have big stretches of uninhabited country, like this."

"Well, it sure doesn't remind me of Terra. That human antheap is just crawling everywhere with people. Even our forests and parklands are crowded with people year-around."

"Well, of course, we have only about forty million people. That's a far cry from the ten billion on Terra."

A few minutes later, another industrial cluster appeared on the horizon. Ivanov nodded his head toward it. "That's where we're going. There's a mine there, a refining plant, and the usual apartments and farms. You'll get a chance to look over the whole integrated complex."

Ivanov brought the flier down just outside the entrance of a large cubical building. "This is one of their apartment buildings. There are about five hundred apartments in here. There are several other similar buildings scattered out through a square kilometer or so."

They went in through the entrance. Ivanov led the way up a flight of stairs.

"This is my first visit to this site, but this apartment is identical with every one I've seen so far. From what the others have told me, every apartment building on the planet seems to have been built from the same blueprints."

When they reached the second floor, Ivanov opened the first door they came to. It revealed a small, square room with one window, a bed along the right-hand wall, one easy chair like the one Johnson had used in Ivanov's office, a desk and chair under' the window, and a closet in the left-hand wall.

"Note that with the exception of the easy chair, every piece of furniture is built in. The bed, the desk, the closet, are all part of the building. Every one of these apartments is identical with this one, right down to the placement of the furniture."

Ivanov slid open the closet door. "Look at this clothing. It has a 'uniform' look about it. There seem to be just half a dozen different kinds of clothing, ranging from what is obviously a work uniform, to something for relaxing in, and some pajamas."

He slid the closet door shut, and went back to the door of the apartment. "Notice this door," he pointed at the knob. "There's no lock on it."

He stepped into the hallway, and pointed to another door. "That's a communal lavatory. Farther down the hall, there's a sort of lounging room. There're some more easy chairs, some tables, games, and so on."

"What kind of games do they play?"

"Let's go. You can see for yourself."

He led the way down the hall, and they soon came to a large room which opened off one side of the hallway. There was a large window, over which a thick curtain could be drawn. There were a number of couches and chairs, all evidently well padded. On one of the walls was a large circle, marked with several smaller concentric circles. On close examination, Johnson found it to be made of a spongy plastic, and the surface was covered with tiny pinholes.

"Looks like a dartboard."

"That's exactly what it is," Ivanov replied. He went to a door built into the wall, and pulled out a set of needle-pointed, finned objects. The proportions weren't quite right for human hands, but they were clearly darts. Johnson took one, stood back, and threw it at the dartboard. It hit about two thirds of the way out from the center, at the ten o'clock position.

"Watch the gravity here. It's a bit less than Terran standard, so your shots will go a bit high."

"It's not the gravity," Johnson replied. "I'm just out of practice. What else is in that cupboard? Any more games?"

"Yes, there are several games in here. They're all pretty much alike. This one is typical of all." Ivanov replaced the darts, and brought out a square board, about half a meter on edge, with a plastic hinge allowing it to be folded in half. It had a series of interconnected squares and circles on it, of various colors. He reached back in the cupboard, and brought out a small box. It contained half a dozen small plastic pyramids, identical in shape but each of a different color. There were also two regular dodecahedrons, with dots on their faces. Johnson examined the items closely.

"Obviously these pyramids are playing pieces, and these other two things are twelve-sided dice," Johnson said. He kept one of the dice, and handed the box back to Ivanov.

"That's the same conclusion our analysts came to. These pieces are to be moved around the board, after some set of rules, and in accordance with the fall of the dice. But so far as I know, no one's figured the game out yet. We've been too busy with other things." He put the board and the pieces back in the cupboard, and closed it. "I see you're a souvenir hunter, too."

"You mean this die?" Johnson said, as he tossed it up and caught it. "I might some day run into a Game Matrix where I need the odds I could get from a die like this one."

"I guess everyone in the occupation forces has picked up a souvenir or two. Eventually some enterprising soul will start selling them to people down here on ground leave. Well, we've got to hurry now. There's not much else to show you in this apartment building. There's a common dining room down on the first floor, as well as what looks like a library. As near as I can tell, all the books are of a technical nature. I can't read their language, but all the books I've looked at seem to be filled with mathematical tables, drawings of a scientific nature, pictures of machines, and things like that.

"This sameness of all the apartments, and the communal living, at first made us think this had been a penal colony. Ordinary colonists, we believed, would have been allowed more room for individuality. But we later decided that the people here couldn't be condemned criminals. There was too much obvious effort made to make things comfortable and pleasant. The soft chairs were one of the first things that pointed out the error in our first conclusion. But if you look at the apartments, in the context of people used to communal living, you can see a lot of other, more subtle, indications that they've tried to make things comfortable."

"Yes, I noticed that the outside of the building was nicely landscaped. Somehow it just doesn't strike me as being a prison."

"We came to the same conclusion, after a couple of days of looking around. Well, do you want to see any more of the apartments?"

"No, let's get on to the plant you're supposed to examine. Can I help you any? Or would it take longer to tell me what to do than I could save you by doing it?"

Ivanov led the way back to the stairs, and started descending. "Yes, you can help, since what I'm doing doesn't take any particular skill. We have to find out what this plant was producing, and get some estimate of production rate."

They stopped at the entrance to the apartment building. Ivanov pulled out a map, examined it, and pointed. "It's not just the landscaping that makes this place pleasant. The mine that provides the basis for this site is over on the other side of that hill, where it's invisible from here. And the refining plant is over there," he pointed again, "completely out of sight."

"They went to some effort, then, to give the workers pleasant surroundings."

"Yes, but even so they seemed to do things backwards. The people lived here because the mine was here, not because it was a nice place to live. And there were just enough people here to run the mine and the plant, and to grow food for the industrial workers. In our colonies, we concentrate the farming where the soil and weather are good, and ship food to the industrial towns."

"It reminds me of pictures I've seen in Terran history books," Johnson remarked, "of what used to be called 'company towns'. It has the same air about it."

"I've never heard the term before, but I get the idea. It seems a very apt description. Well, let's get going. We have to look over the plant and the mine yet, then get you back to the spaceport." He strode down the steps and toward his flier.

Commander Johnson glanced at his watch. Chavez was late. What, he wondered, had the Medical Officer found to keep himself busy during the day? He looked around the building which had been converted into an Officers Mess. Obviously it had once been one of the Khorilani apartment buildings. That made sense, he thought. The rooms were usable as quarters for transients, and the cafeteria could be converted to a human dining room without too much trouble. Certainly the plumbing and the stoves should be usable. The chairs and the tables might not be proportioned quite right for humans, but they would serve until human furniture could he shipped in. Only the automatic ordering and robot serving equipment would need to be installed, and undoubtedly that kind of equipment had been brought in by the first units of the occupation force.

He heard the door open, and turned just as Chavez entered. He saw that the Medical Officer was accompanied by another man, who also wore the insignia of a Medical Officer.

"Hi, Manny."

"Evening, Arnie. I'd like you to meet Kyril Svoboda. We went through medical school together. He's assigned to the Intelligence staff here. Kyril, this is Arnold Johnson. He's Tactics Officer on my ship."

They exchanged firm handclasps. "What are you doing on the Intelligence staff?" Johnson asked.

"It's just a temporary assignment. It amounts to doing medical research on the Khorilani. We want to learn as much as possible about their physical and chemical makeup."

"You can't do much with nothing but corpses to examine, can you?"

"Not a whole lot. And to make things worse, all the corpses are several days old before we get to them. Still, we're learning a lot about their anatomy and so on."

"I've spent the day with Kyril," Chavez interjected. "There's nothing to do on the ship, so when I heard he was here, I looked him up. He managed to keep me busy helping him."

"I really twisted your arm, didn't I?" Svoboda asked.

"You didn't have to. What scientist could resist the opportunity to examine an alien body. In a lot of ways, they're different from any intelligent life form we've ever dealt with before."

They entered the dining room, found an empty table, and sat down. Then they punched their orders on the menu board. While they were waiting for the robot servers, Johnson gave a brief account of his day.

"You really got a chance to see one of their manufacturing sites?" Svoboda asked. "I haven't had a chance to get away from this area since I landed. Been too busy here."

"Can't you justify a trip to examine some of the cadavers at the other sites?" Chavez asked.

"I'm afraid not. We've got our lab set up right here, and they bring in samples from all over the planet. Don't think I haven't thought of it. But I can't get away with it."

"How about trying to make an inspection tour of the local hospitals? Surely they had some."

"That's not a bad idea, except that the teams to examine the various hospitals have already been set up, and I'm not on them. I was given a different assignment."

Chavez leaned forward, suddenly showing interest. "Say, what about those hospital inspection teams? Do you think I could get in on one? It'll be at least five days before our ship is repaired, and I'd like to do something besides stick around this spaceport."

"Well, from what I've heard, you can learn just as much by examining their local hospital as you can by going to any of the others. It seems they follow the same pattern as they do with the living quarters. Every one of their complexes of industry and residential areas has one hospital, and they are all apparently built to the same plan."

"Even so, it might be worth spending some time looking the place over. I might be able to learn something useful from their medical techniques."

"That was the original idea in examining the hospitals, of course. But I've talked to some of the people examining the hospitals, and they seem pretty disappointed. Khorilani medical science is either very primitive, or else it's extremely sophisticated, far more than our own. In either case we don't seem to be able to learn much from it."

"I'm afraid I don't follow you."

"Well, they just don't seem to have any significant medical capability in their hospitals. Look at these various settlements. All of them involve heavy industry of some sort. There are just bound to be lots of your typical industrial accidents. You know, burns, broken arms and legs, crushed hands and feet, exposure to toxic chemicals, that sort of thing. But from their hospitals, you'd never know it."

"You mean no organ transplant capabilities, and so on?"

"Not only that, apparently they don't even give blood transfusions. Their surgical capability seems completely limited to minor restorative surgery, of the nature of removing someone's tonsils. It doesn't even look as though they're set up to amputate a leg."

"But what do they do with their industrial accident cases?"

"We just don't know. That's what I was saying. Either their medicine is so primitive they don't even treat them, or it's so sophisticated they cure a broken leg with a pill. I've been told they have well-stocked pharmacies, but we have no way of knowing what conditions the various drugs are used to treat. I understand the Intelligence people are making good progress in learning their written language. Once they get a translation computer programmed, maybe we can get some of their medical references translated. In the meantime, we can only speculate."

The serving robots brought their food, and conversation ceased temporarily. After a few minutes, however, Chavez spoke to Johnson.

"Say, you know that problem you're always wondering about? The business of why the Khorilani used such bad tactics?"

"Yes. I'm not the only one puzzled by it. I've had similar comments from several of the Tactics Officers I've talked to here."

"Well, there's another problem that seems to be bothering everyone here on the planet. This colony just doesn't make sense, either. Or it doesn't seem to, anyway. You mentioned the economists trying to figure it out. Kyril here told me some of his thinking about it, and some of the results he's gotten."

"What kind of results."

"It's his story, so I'll let him tell it."

"I'd be very much interested in hearing about it. It's a relief to know we Tactics Officers aren't the only ones puzzled by the Khorilani."

Svoboda laid his fork down, and pulled at one ear lobe. "Well, I'm not sure I've made any progress in unraveling the mystery, but I've made some rather interesting discoveries.

"When I got here a week ago, there was still some support for the theory that this planet was a penal colony. The sameness of construction, and the austere living quarters, could be explained by viewing the entire planet as a giant prison. When it became apparent that living conditions weren't all that austere, the prison theory was dropped.

"But I looked at the sameness of construction from another standpoint. Consider that all the apartments seem to be single rooms, intended for use by only one person."

"I guess that's true, but so what?"

"It means that no provisions have been made for family groups."

"Perhaps their marriage customs are different from ours."

"Almost certainly they would be. But even so, there are no arrangements for couples living together, on either a temporary or permanent basis. And there are no provisions for children."

"Perhaps children are raised communally, in nurseries, or something. They seem to do everything else communally."

"It's possible, but none of the apartments have nurseries."

"That is strange. Surely they don't colonize with males only, then bring in their females after the colony is well established."

"That was my first reaction, too. A race capable of star travel must certainly be well beyond that kind of sexual chauvinism, that restricts the activities of one sex under the guise of protecting it.

"Well, to make a long story short, I concluded that since they didn't make any provisions for raising children, they must have been certain there wouldn't be any. Now the only way they could assure that is to colonize the planet with only one sex. And that's exactly what they did. It was hard for me to believe. Nevertheless, that's the way they did it. All the colonists are females."

"What? All females? Every last one of them?" Johnson burst out.

"And that's not all," Svoboda continued. "I haven't told you the most surprising part of the whole story. The race is oviparous. This is the first time in our history we've encountered an intelligent oviparous race. And finally, it wouldn't have mattered if there were any males on the planet, as far as having children is concerned. Every one of the colonists we have examined has been a nonfunctional female. Their ovaries are completely atrophied."

Johnson stared at Svoboda. His fork, completely forgotten, hung suspended halfway to his mouth. Finally he found enough of his voice to croak out, "Have you examined any of the bodies on that Khorilani ship we retrieved?"

"No, not yet, but they're all being stored in deepfreeze in the lab where I'm working."

"Could you examine them? Right now, I mean? Tonight?"

"Is it all that important? We'll get around to them eventually."

"It is important. It's absolutely vital. If they turn out to be nonfunctional females, too, then I believe I've got this whole puzzle solved."

Johnson looked around General Yamaguchi's Briefing Room. Like most such rooms, the walls were lined with charts bearing the most up-to-date information available on what the particular commander considered to be his most important problems. Johnson noted charts labeled "Hospital Man-Days This Month," "Men Absent or Missing," "Ships Awaiting Unloading." Evidently Yamaguchi's major concerns were administrative, rather than those of combat. These were the kinds of things which could get a commander in trouble with the Inspector General, with Parliamentary Investigating Committees, and with muckraking journalists. They were also the kinds of things that a combat commander hates to be bothered with. It must be galling for Yamaguchi, Johnson thought. He was known as a hard-driving, no-nonsense fighting man. He had undoubtedly expected that the conquest of this planet would add considerably to his reputation as a fighting general. Instead, it brought nothing but administrative headaches.

Chavez's voice jerked his attention away from the charts on the walls. "How are you feeling? You think you need another dose of stimulant?"

"No, thanks, Manny. You've got me so hopped up I'm about to jump out of my skin already."

"Without it you'd probably be asleep on the floor right now."

"That's true. Even in spite of your pep pills, my eyelids feel like they're covered with sandpaper."

"Well, you can't expect to go all night without any sleep, and not show any signs of it. I can give you stimulants to keep you going for a while, but there's nothing I can do to get the fatigue poisons out of your system. Eventually you're going to have to get some sleep, and the sooner the better."

"Maybe I can get some after this meeting. How are you doing?"

"I'll manage. I did get a couple of hours sleep, after Kyril and I finished the autopsies. It wasn't really enough; I still feel rotten, but it was better than nothing."

"Where is Kyril, by the way?"

"He's coming. He called me just before I left my room. He was stopping by the Lab to pick up some pictures and other things in case we get some questions on the results of our medical examinations of the Khorilani corpses. Where's your friend Ivanov?"

"Right behind you," Yuri's voice sounded.

"Good morning, Yuri," Johnson said. "You look like I feel."

"You're not looking so good yourself. Did you get the computer runs?"

"Right here," he indicated a pack age under his arm. "I got the results of the final computations just in time to get over here."

"How do the results look?" Ivanov asked, but Johnson's answer was cut off by the arrival of General Yamaguchi's Chief of Staff, Colonel Hermannsfeldt. Immediately there was a bustle as the officers on Yamaguchi's staff, who had been standing around the room and talking casually, hastened to seat themselves. The most senior officers took chairs around the long table in the center of the room. Johnson and his friends took chairs against the wall, as inconspicuously as possible.

Hermannsfeldt looked a bit sleepy, too, Johnson thought. He had been outspokenly unhappy when Colonel Wilson, Ivanov's temporary boss, had awakened him in the small hours of the morning. Johnson suspected that Wilson had derived a certain relish from awakening Hermannsteldt. It gave him a chance to work off the irritation he'd felt when Ivanov and Johnson had come pounding on his door at an hour well past midnight.

Both the abruptly awakened officers had had the same question. "Is it all that important? Can't it wait until morning?" But both had finally agreed it was important, important enough that the briefings scheduled for General Yamaguchi's morning staff meeting should be rearranged to include Johnson.

The clock on the wall showed a few seconds to go before the scheduled start of the meeting. Svoboda rushed into the room, clutching a large envelope to his chest, and scuttled over to where the other three were. He had just seated himself when General Yamaguchi entered the room. Johnson noted with approval that the general did not expect his staff to jump to attention when he entered the room. Senior officers who were that much impressed with the prerogatives of their rank tended, in Johnson's opinion, to give inadequate attention to the important problems. They used up all their energy on trivial matters.

As soon as the general had seated himself, Colonel Hermannsfeldt was on his feet, and starting the meeting. "General, before you hear the regularly scheduled briefings from each of the staff sections, we have a report from the group working on the problem of analyzing the economy of this planet while the Khorilani held it. The report is based on some newly discovered facts. Rather than try to summarize the report, I'll let Commander Johnson report on his work."

Johnson stood up. He strode to the lectern at the end of the room, thinking it would give him something to lean on. Unobtrusively, he rubbed his palms against his trousers, trying to dry them. What's wrong with you, he asked himself. You've briefed four-star rank before, haven't you? And it never bothered you at all. This time it's different, he answered himself. Before I was always dealing in facts, not in a mass of sheer speculation. He dropped the package of computer printout on the top of the lectern, gripped the lectern firmly with both hands, faced the general, and cleared his throat.

"Good morning, General. As Colonel Hermannsfeldt indicated, within the last few hours we have uncovered what we believe are some significant new facts about the Khorilani. Before going into detail on them, however, I'd like to give some background to put them in context. I know this is material you are already familiar with, so I'll try not to say anything more than is absolutely necessary."

"You already have," Yamaguchi growled, "but go on."

Johnson swallowed, then continued. "Yes, sir. To start with, there is the matter of the relative losses of the Khorilani forces and our own. By the use of Game Theory and so on, we can compute what our best tactics should .be, what their best tactics should be, and the expected losses on both sides. As you probably know, their relative losses are almost always higher than we compute they should be."

"Yes, I know that. My Tactics Officers are always underestimating what the Khorilani losses will be. But I'm not interested in the details. Since I was a Cadet at the Academy, you Tactics Officers have been trying to teach me something about Game Theory. I still haven't learned anything."

Despite this unpromising start, Johnson went ahead. "There's just one point I'd like to make, General. In computing our tactics, we use what's known as Zero Sum Game Theory. This Theory assumes that the winnings of one side are equal to the losses of the other side. This is true of parlor games, such as chess or checkers. The Theory is perfectly adequate there.

"However, in combat, it's only an approximation. If the Khorilani lose a man, that doesn't add a man to our forces. Nevertheless, if we both lose the same number of men, it seems reasonable to call the outcome a draw. Therefore, we use the theory even though we know it's only an approximation.

"The point I want to make is that it's a good approximation only if two conditions are met. These are that both sides have to have the same set of values, and that the total losses on each side must be only a small portion of their total strength."

"All right, now what's that got to do with your alleged new discoveries?" Yamaguchi demanded.

"I'm just getting to that, sir. Again, however, I want to put the new discoveries in the proper context. The Khorilani settlement on this planet is certainly peculiar, by our standards. In fact, they didn't settle it, as we would use the term. There was no attempt to establish a colony with families, schools, and so on. It doesn't have an air of permanence, of viability, to it. Instead, it resembles the kind of settlement we might put on some airless world, where there were valuable mineral resources we wanted to exploit, but which we planned to abandon when the minerals were worked out. On a world as hospitable as this one, we would settle a permanent colony. We'd expect it to be self-supporting in a generation or so. It might export metals as a way of trading for the products of advanced industrial worlds, but our emphasis would be on the colony. Here the emphasis seems to be on the metal exporting, with the colony a means rather than an end in itself."

"Even if that's true, what of it? What significance does it have? I'm not interested in anthropological research, Commander."

Johnson could read clearly the note of impatience in Yamaguchi's voice. The promise of new information could hold him only so long. But if the new facts were presented baldly, their significance would be missed, just as the significance of many other isolated facts about this planet had been missed.

"It's not just a matter of anthropological curiosities, General. What I'm getting at has a very vital impact on the nature of the way we're fighting.

"I have no doubt that the next few things I'm going to tell you have all been reported to you, piecemeal, by your various staff elements. The point I'm getting at, however, is that these things form a pattern, a pattern which isn't obvious when you look at the pieces separately.

"Consider the uniformity of their apartments, and the fact that they don't have locks on their doors. They seem to have no books except for technical ones. For amusement they play games of pure skill, or games of pure chance, but never any games involving bluffing or concealed strategy. Now, who is the one person you can't steal from? Obviously, yourself. Likewise, who is the one person you can't play chess or poker against? Again, yourself. Nor does any novelist read his own works for entertainment. He already knows how they are going to come out."

Johnson could see the impatience building up on Yamaguchi's face. The general's next words would undoubtedly order Johnson to be seated and quit wasting the time of everyone in the room. Hastily he continued, trying to make his argument as convincing as possible.

"Now what does all this suggest? It suggests that we have been mistaken in dealing with the Khorilani as though they were separate individuals, like ourselves. Instead, they seem to be portions of a corporate entity, with only a slight degree of autonomy. They can't steal from each other, because they aren't really separate entities. They can't bluff each other, because they have only one consciousness, instead of individual minds as we have. If one of them were to compose a poem, the others would know of it immediately, and wouldn't need to read it.

"I know this seems like speculation, but we do have some new information to support it. Every one of the colonists on this planet was a nonfunctional female. Furthermore, the Khorilani reproduce by laying and hatching eggs, rather than bearing their young alive. Finally, the entire crew of a Khorilani spaceship, which was captured just a few days ago, also were nonfunctional females.

"The conclusion all this points to is that the nearest analogy to the Khorilani society, among Terran creatures, is the beehive. There we find a few males, with the reproductive function carried out by one female, and all the work done by nonfunctional females. The worker bees are essentially organic robots, with no individuality. In the Khorilani, the situation is even more extreme, with each of the workers being only an extension of a single common mind for the whole species."

"Do you mean to say," one of the colonels at the long table burst out, "that the people on this planet didn't really commit suicide? That when this racial mind you're talking about had no further use for them, it just ... just ... turned them off Like so much excess machinery?"

"That's the way it looks to me," Johnson replied.

"That would explain their treatment of the humans they captured," another one broke in. "In fact, they probably wondered why we didn't turn our own people off when their capture was inevitable."

"It also explains their hospitals," someone else added. "Why go to a lot of expense curing a serious illness or injury? It's probably simpler to hatch another egg. They could even program the hatcheries on the basis of projected numbers of injuries, or expected incidence of disease."

"That's why they never rescue the crews of damaged ships - "

Suddenly it seemed that everyone was talking at once. All around the room, men were gesticulating wildly, trying to make themselves heard. Johnson could see the storm building up on Yamaguchi's face. Finally it broke.

"Quiet!" he ordered, at the top of his voice. In the silence that followed, he continued in a lower tone.

"Just a minute here. Let's not get carried away by this cleverly woven pattern of speculation. There could be other explanations for the conditions on this planet. Suppose they were a race of telepaths. Then they wouldn't need to lock their doors. They couldn't plot chess strategy, either. Nor could they bluff at poker. And they wouldn't write novels. You don't need to postulate a racial mind, to explain just about everything we've seen."

Even as Johnson's heart sank, he had to admire the general. Yamaguchi certainly had earned his rank. Very few people could have come up with such a good alternate explanation on such short notice. He started to stall for time, while he tried to marshal some arguments which would convince the general. Before he could more than open his mouth, however, the general continued.

"Furthermore, Commander, there's a serious inconsistency in your theory. Suppose, as you claim, the Khorilani are not individuals, but just elements in a ... what did you call it ... corporate entity? Then they would have absolutely no regard for the individual, right? In combat, they would fight ferociously, without regard for their losses. They would accept any level of casualties, to inflict losses on us, right? But they don't fight that way. In fact, quite the contrary. When they do decide to fight, they are very clever and cautious. You're a native of Terra. Surely you know something about how my ancestors back there used to fight, before they became aware of the value of the individual human. If the Khorilani were as you claim, they ought to fight like the ancient Japanese. But they don't at all. How do you explain that?

Johnson suppressed a smile, as a feeling of triumph rose in him. First, because the general hadn't ordered him back to his seat, but gave him a chance to explain. Second, because the general couldn't have asked a better question if Johnson had written the script himself. "I'm glad you brought that point up, sir. It bears on what I want to say next.

"It's true that in a battle you lose lives. But what else do you lose? You also lose equipment, which costs money."

"Just like a Terran," Yamaguchi snorted. "Always thinking of war costs in terms of money."

Johnson squelched a momentary flame of anger, and went on. "But when lives are meaningless, General, what else is there to think about? Warships, for instance, represent a major capital investment for them, just as they do for us. To us, however, an individual is irreplaceable, so we concern ourselves more with people than with ships. To them an individual means no more than fingernail paring does to us. So I'm suggesting that their tactics are designed to give them the best possible exchange rate in economic value, rather than in lives."

"How could they possibly do that? They have no idea of our manufacturing costs, anymore than we do of theirs. How could they even calculate relative losses?"

"It turns out to be fairly simple. It's a well-known fact that the cost of a warship is almost directly proportional to its mass. We know the mass of each of their ship classes, and I'm sure they know the masses of ours."

"All right, suppose they do. What difference does that make?"

"Just this, General." Johnson picked up the package of computer printout and held it up. "Last night I spent some time calculating the tactics they should be using, based on the knowledge that a Monitor has about three times the mass of a Destroyer. The tactics the Khorilani have been using since the beginning of the war are exactly those I calculated. In short, they are conducting their fighting so as to get the best possible exchange in terms of ship-mass, rather than in terms of individuals. That's why they have been so stubborn about using tactics that we consider less than optimum."

General Yamaguchi sat silently for a moment, a thoughtful look on his face. Finally he spoke. "Very well, Commander, you seem to have proven your case. I suppose this is a significant discovery. Now that we know why they use the tactics they do, can we alter ours so as to take advantage of theirs, and get an even better exchange ratio?"

The old fox knows a lot more about Game Theory than he lets on, Johnson thought to himself. Not enough, though, to anticipate what was coming next. Johnson still had a selling job to do.

"Let me ask, General, are you satisfied with the overall progress of the war?"

"Why, of course," Yamaguchi replied, a puzzled look on his face. "With the present exchange ratio, we're bound to win. It's only a matter of time. I'd just like to modify our tactics, to speed things up."

"Consider this, then. A Monitor has three times the mass, and four times the crew, of a Destroyer. We are willing to trade up to four Destroyers to kill a Monitor. If we do it with less than four, we consider we've come out ahead.

"Looking at it from the Khorilani standpoint, they're willing to trade a Monitor for at least three Destroyers. If they get more than three, they consider they've come out ahead.

"As long as the Fleetwide average exchange ratio is between three and four Destroyers lost for each Monitor destroyed, as it has been since the outbreak of the war, both sides are convinced they are winning."

He waved the computer printouts again. "And this is true, not just of the Monitor-Destroyer engagements, but of every other battle I was able to analyze last night. By our standards, we're winning. By their standards, they're winning."

"This is nonsense," Yamaguchi burst out. "How can both sides think they're winning? One side or the other must be losing, and pretty soon that side has got to realize it."

"You may remember, General," Johnson replied, "that I said Zero Sum Game Theory was a good approximation to combat only under certain conditions. One of those conditions is clearly violated here: both sides fail to share a common set of values. And as the war gets bigger, the discrepancy between theory and reality is going to get worse. As long as both sides stick to their theories, however, they will both be deceived into thinking they are winning. In the meantime, they'll be bleeding each other white. Both we and the Khorilani are going to exhaust ourselves while we're mutually deluded we're winning."

"Well, Commander, you're a Tactics expert," the general replied, a trace of asperity in his voice. "What can we do to change this situation? What solution do you propose?"

"The solution is outside my province, General. The only way we can alter the situation is with a radical improvement in weaponry. The R&D people will have to work that out."

"Are you trying to tell me that with our existing equipment there's nothing we can do? No changes in tactics, no new doctrine, nothing that will help?"

"That's right, General. New tactics, new doctrine, and so on, will make only minor changes. They won't be enough to really matter." Yamaguchi slammed his palm down on the table. "Defeatism! That's nothing but rank defeatism! Commander, I'm surprised the Navy let you get as far as you have. I thought better of Naval officers than that."

He turned and pointed at a two-star general towards the far end of the table. "O'Brien! I'm sick of this defeatist attitude. Get your people together and figure out something that can convince the Khorilani they're losing."

O'Brien must be Yamaguchi's Chief Tactics Officer, Johnson decided. He saw the man's face go pale. Then O'Brien swallowed once, leaned forward, and began in a mild voice. "General, I haven't had the chance to look at the figures the commander has worked out. But assuming his figures are correct, then I have to go along with the conclusions he's drawn from them. We simply can't convince the Khorilani they're losing, not according to their set of values. And no amount of heroism, or cleverness, or whatever, is going to change the mathematics of the situation." In contrast to the mildness of the opening sentence, this last was delivered in a tone of voice that seemed to say, "That's my opinion, General, and if you don't like it, you can have my stars with it. I'm not going to change it."

General Yamaguchi glared back for a long moment, then his face became impassive. Finally he spoke. "Thank you, General O'Brien, for your considered opinion." He turned back to Johnson. "And Commander, I apologize for my intemperate remarks." He then looked all around the table. "Is there nothing we can do? Has anyone any ideas?"

Johnson breathed deeply, and wiped the perspiration off his hands. He'd got past the big hurdle. General Yamaguchi was one of those rare people, a commander who could tolerate a "No" answer from his staff. He spoke again.

"Excuse me, General, but there is one thing we can do." The general's attention was now riveted on him. "We can admit that both we and the Khorilani made a horrible mistake in letting the situation degenerate into warfare, and try to make peace."

By contrast with Yamaguchi's earlier remarks, his reply was subdued. But it still had the rumble of thunder hidden in it. "That sounds fine, Commander. But I've spent a long lifetime fighting humanity's battles, against a lot of different enemies. One thing I've learned in that time is that it takes two to make peace. If the Khorilani don't want peace, we can have it only by surrendering.

"Didn't you see that briefing tape, the one showing the debate in Parliament about the pursuit of the war? It was mandatory for all Army personnel. I had assumed all you Navy people saw it, too."

"Yes, I did see it," Johnson re plied, somewhat mystified. "It was mandatory for the Navy, too. They stopped our Division in space, and had us all view it."

"Well, do you remember what the Minister for Nonhuman Affairs said about the negotiations with the Khorilani? How they wouldn't offer any reasonable terms, and finally demanded all the disputed planets for themselves, except for a couple of uninhabitable ones? That shows nothing but contempt for us. How can we make peace with people like that?"

Something clicked in Johnson's mind. The words almost tumbled over one another as he spoke. "I'd completely forgotten that, General. Thanks for reminding me. That's the last brick. It completes the whole structure.

"One of those uninhabitable planets they offered us was a supergiant, like Jupiter. Are there any Terrans here?" He looked around the room. "Anyone from Mars? Venus? Titan? Anywhere in the Home System?" There was no response. Some of them looked around at their companions, but no one spoke. "No one at all, then," Johnson continued. "It's no wonder it didn't occur to you. It just now dawned on me, and I'm a native Terran.

"Look, a full thirty percent of the economy of the Home System is based on raw materials extracted from the atmosphere of Jupiter. Several hundred million people, throughout the System, make their living transporting, or processing, those materials from Jupiter. And we haven't even scratched the surface. There's an inexhaustible supply of the light elements there.

"And what did the Khorilani offer us? Another Jupiter. With an airless planet in the same system, where there'd be no trouble building factories to process the chemicals scooped from the atmosphere of the big planet. From their standpoint, that pair is probably worth more than all the rest of the disputed planets put together.

"I imagine they offered them as a last desperate measure; a gesture of conciliation. They probably decided that when those greedy Humans wouldn't accept that split of the disputed planets, there was no hope of dealing with them. The only answer was to fight for their rights, especially since their Tactics specialists were convinced they'd win."

The silence that followed remained unbroken for a seeming eternity. Finally General Yamaguchi spoke, to what was evidently the most junior colonel in the room.

"Recorder, do you have all this on tape?"

"Yes, sir. Every bit of it," came the reply.

"Fine. There's no point in trying to write up a report summarizing what the commander had to say. Just transmit a copy of the tape back to Headquarters on Terra immediately. That will constitute my formal report on our findings on this planet." He turned to Johnson. "Thank you, Commander, for a very informative presentation. Your work in figuring out this situation is very commendable. The whole human race owes you a lot." Then he turned to his staff, and spoke in a brisk voice.

"Now, let's assume that the diplomatic people are going to get peace negotiations started soon. I imagine they'll hand this planet back to the Khorilani, since they can rebuild their installations in fairly short order, while we'd have to start from scratch. If we're going to do that, we might just as well start on an empty world. So we can close down all our operations here, and get ready to evacuate the planet. We'll just have to keep our defenses up until we're ready to leave."

Johnson picked up his bundle of computer printouts and slipped out the door of the room. He saw that Chavez, Svoboda and Ivanov were right behind him.

"Sounds like Yamaguchi is trying to get rid of his administrative chores as fast as he can," Johnson remarked.

"I don't blame him," Svoboda replied. "In his shoes, I'd do the same thing."

Chavez came up from behind, and threw his arm across Johnson's shoulders. "Well, how does if feel to be a genuine savior of humanity?" he asked. "You've undoubtedly saved several hundred thousand lives, and no telling how many billions of Solars on both sides."

"Right," Svoboda and Ivanov chorused. Ivanov continued, "You're probably the first Tactics Officer in history to be a hero. Usually the fighting men take the credit for victory, and give us the blame for defeat. But they can't deny you the credit for this one."

Johnson gave them all a bleary-eyed look. "Right now, I feel like death warmed over. I didn't get any sleep at all last night, and then I was pretty keyed up for this morning's briefing. All I can think of at the moment is that a bed, even a Khorilani one, is going to feel mighty good. After about twelve hours of sleep, maybe I'll enjoy being a hero."

"Oh, I'm sure you'll enjoy it," Svoboda said, with a gleam in his eye. "You'll be making speeches and appearances; you'll be wined and dined; every pipsqueak politician on a hundred worlds will want to shake hands with you, while the video cameras grind on. Being a hero is lots of fun."

Johnson groaned. "I'd better make that twenty-four hours' sleep. Manny, let me have some sleeping pills. I'd better get some rest while I can."